What Is The Legal Age In Canada

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Note to Researchers

Informed consent is an ongoing process that starts with the researcher's first contact with the individual and continues until the study is complete or the participant withdraws. Any discussion of informed consent with the participant, the written informed consent form and any other written information given to participants should provide adequate information for the participant to make an informed decision about his/her participation.

The child should provide his/her assent and may refuse to participate even if the parent has provided their consent. The age of consent to participate in research in the Province of Quebec is 18 years of age. Section 21 of the Quebec Civil Code should be referenced for additional information as to the involvement of children in research. The assent form for the involvement of minors in research should be used for any individuals under the age of 18.

Consent forms should be translated where it is relevant to particular communities that you wish to recruit.

General Points

There are three types of consent form templates: 1) assent form for children under the age of 16 in Canada (18 in Quebec); 2) parent/guardian's consent for the recruitment of children under the age of 16 in Canada (18 in Quebec); 3) consent form for adults (over the age of 16-18) and mature minors. Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for.

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Information letters and consent forms must be presented on institutional / departmental letterhead.
The level of language used should be appropriate to the age and comprehension / reading level of the participant population, generally at approximately a grade 6 - 8 reading level:
- Avoid the use of legalistic phrases.
- Volumes, weights, etc. should be expressed in meaningful scales as well as scientific measurements (for example, blood draws in numbers of teaspoons or proportion of the Canadian Blood Services standard volume for donation).
Where a parent's or guardian's consent is necessary for a minor participant, the form should include the minor's name and the guardian's capacity. If a minor's unwritten concurrence (assent) is sought, the form should reflect this fact, and a place should be given for the investigator to indicate whether it was obtained. If the minor is assenting in writing, the assent form should be drafted in age-appropriate language.
A child under 16 years of age should provide his/her assent and may refuse to participate even if the parent has provided their consent. The age of consent to participate in research in Quebec is 18. The assent form for the involvement of minors in research should be used for any individuals in Quebec under the age of 18.
If blood is taken, indicate total volume (for example, teaspoons and ml equivalent). Include a statement noting the possibility of bruising or swelling while giving blood, or other possible discomforts at the site where blood is drawn. Indicate that there may be minimal chance of infection and that discomforts experienced will be brief and transient.
The consent form should be dated, signed and the participant should receive a copy of the consent form for his or her own reference.

The consent process will vary according to the project, however, the items listed below should generally be included.

Introductory Information

Title of research project.
The identity of the researcher(s).
The Purpose of the research - Why do the study? Provide a brief description of the purpose of the study.
That the individual is invited to participate in research.
The basis for inviting the individual to take part. (Include information on any criteria under which prospective participants would be excluded from participation).
That the individual's participation in the research is voluntary and that the individual may refuse to participate or may withdraw from the study, at any time, without penalty or loss of benefits to which he/she is otherwise entitled.
If a questionnaire is being administered, participants have the option of not answering any of the questions should they not feel comfortable.
The purpose of the research. Be sure that the description of the purpose provided in the consent documents is consistent with the purpose as described in the protocol.
The approximate number of anticipated participants involved in the study.

What Will the Participant Be Asked To Do?

Describe the research procedures that the participant will be involved in.
State the expected duration of the participant's participation in the research.
Where relevant, provide information regarding audio or video taping.

Access to Research Information

Information regarding who will have access to the data.
Information regarding retention of data (including audio and video tapes) and schedules for their disposal.
How, if at all, participants will be informed of the results of the research.
That the participant or the participant's legally acceptable representative will be informed in a timely manner should new information become available that may affect the participant's willingness to continue participation in the study.
A statement indicating the sources of financial support for the study (if any).
Where relevant, information regarding the possibility of commercialization of research findings and the presence of any apparent, actual, or potential conflict of interest on the part of the researcher, the researcher's institution, or sponsors.

Risks / Benefits

The reasonably foreseeable risks, harms, or inconveniences to the participant.
The reasonably expected benefits. When there is no direct benefit to the participant, the participant should be made aware of this.
If blood is taken, a statement noting the possibility of bruising or swelling while giving blood, or other possible discomforts at the site where blood is drawn. Indicate that there may be minimal chance of infection and that discomforts experienced will be brief and transient.

Compensation / Expenses

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The anticipated payment (including any prorations) or reimbursements, if any, to the participant for participating in the research.
The anticipated expenses, if any, to the individual for participating in the research.

Confidentiality / Publication of Results

The degree of confidentiality and/or anonymity that will be provided. Include information on the extent to which and the manner in which records identifying the participant will be kept confidential, including any limits on confidentiality (for example, legal reporting requirements).
A statement indicating that the researchers intend to publish the research (for example, in scholarly publications), or that the researchers intend to make public presentations based on the research. If the results of the study are published, indicate whether the participant's identity will remain confidential.
In rare instances where it is not be possible to assure complete confidentiality, the limits on this obligation should be carefully explained (for example, Focus Groups, suspected child abuse).
For Focus Groups, the Principal Investigator should consider adding a statement of the potential harm that could exist if confidentiality is violated by another participant. The researchers are required to explain the two types of confidentiality that may apply in this situation: 1) the researchers are capable of assuring their own confidentiality of information, but 2) cannot guarantee that privacy will be maintained by the other participants.

Contact Information

If you have any questions about this study, please contact:
Name, area code and phone number of Investigator
Collect calls will be accepted.

If you have questions about your rights as a research participant, you may contact:
Research Ethics Board Secretariat
70 Colombine Driveway,
Brooke Claxton Building, Tunney's Pasture
Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9
Telephone: 613-941-5199 (Collect calls will be accepted)
Fax: 613-941-9093
hc.reb-cer.sc@canada.ca

Consent Form 'don'ts'

It should not be stated to the participant that a Research Ethics Board has approved the study, since this may appear to offer a guarantee of safety. In fact, approval means only that the Committee considers the risks to fall within a reasonable scale of risk to the participant, and that the risk-to-benefit (or risk-to-knowledge) ratio of the study appears favourable.
No clause or language should be used to excuse or appear to excuse investigators or other persons or institutions involved from liability for their negligence or other faults.

Consent forms

Sample consent forms are available from the REB Secretariat upon request: hc.reb-cer.sc@canada.ca.

Age of Majority by Province or Territory

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Provinces where the age of majority is 18:

Alberta
Manitoba
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan